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課題背景:煙霧?。∕MD)又稱腦底異常血管網(wǎng)癥或自發(fā)性基底動脈環(huán)閉塞癥。患該病后,異常增生的血管在腦血管造影片上顯示為腦底部模糊不清的網(wǎng)狀陰影,形態(tài)如同煙囪冒出的裊裊炊煙,所以這種疾病1969年被東京大學形象地命名為煙霧病。煙霧病是一種難治之癥,患者患腦中風的風險非常高。雖然有約15%的MMD患者是家族性的,但其致病基因仍然未知。 2010年11月4日,日本研究人員在Journal of Human Genetics上發(fā)表論文說,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個與煙霧病有關的基因,如果一個人體內(nèi)的這個基因出現(xiàn)變異,那么他患煙霧病的風險會大大高于普通人。 研究人員通過對72個日本MMD患者和45個健康日本人進行全基因組關聯(lián)研究,得到染色體17q25-ter與患MMD風險強相關。在17q25-ter區(qū)域,用335個SNPs在一個特定基因座中進行的關聯(lián)研究進一步證實了上述結(jié)論:在RNF213基因座上,由7個SNPs構(gòu)成的單倍型與MMD緊密關聯(lián)(P=5.3×10-10)。對RNF213進行突變分析發(fā)現(xiàn)一個來自奠基者的突變p.R4859K,在95%家族性的MMD患者和73%的散發(fā)MMD患者以及1.4%的正常對照中均存在。這一突變極大地增加了MMD的患病風險(P=1.2 × 10-43, OR=190.8, 95%置信區(qū)間=71.7-507.9)。此外,在沒有發(fā)生p.R4859K突變的MMD患者中,研究者還鑒定到額外的3個錯義突變。所有這些結(jié)果提示RNF213是第一個鑒定到的MMD易感基因。 所用關鍵技術:GWAS,SNP分型,常規(guī)測序。 GWAS目前常用的芯片主要是Affymetrix SNP 6.0和Illumina 660K這兩款(當然Aglient的SNP芯片也很不錯)。至于選擇標準,要看實驗實際需求,經(jīng)費,數(shù)據(jù)分析怎么做等等。在后期加大樣本量驗證時,SNP分型可選的方法很多,具體可以根據(jù)你的樣本量和位點數(shù)來選擇合適的方法即可,質(zhì)譜、LDR、SNaPshot、SNPscan(天昊專利技術)等都是不錯的選擇。 課題討論及意義:如果能深入研究RNF213基因的具體功能,或許有助于預測腦中風風險,并開發(fā)出預防腦中風的方法。另外,本研究可能美中不足的一點是樣本量太少,這樣的關聯(lián)研究結(jié)果的說服力不強,多中心、大樣本是驗證芯片陽性位點時的一個趨勢,也是文章能發(fā)表在一流雜志上的必要條件。 參考文獻:Kamada F, Aoki Y, Narisawa A, etal. A genome-wide association study identifies RNF213 as the first Moyamoya disease gene. J Hum Genet. 2010. Abstract Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows progressive cerebral angiopathy characterized by bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis and abnormal collateral vessels.Although ∼15% of MMD cases are familial, the MMD gene(s) remain unknown. A genome-wide association study of 785720 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed, comparing 72 Japanese MMD patients with 45 Japanese controls and resulting in a strong association of chromosome 17q25-ter with MMD risk. This result was further confirmed by a locus-specific association study using 335 SNPs in the 17q25-ter region. A single haplotype consisting of seven SNPs at the RNF213 locus was tightly associated with MMD (P=5.3 × 10(-10)). RNF213 encodes a really interesting new gene finger protein with an AAA ATPase domain and is abundantly expressed in spleen and leukocytes. An RNA in situ hybridization analysis of mouse tissues indicated that mature lymphocytes express higher levels of Rnf213 mRNA than their immature counterparts. Mutational analysis of RNF213 revealed a founder mutation, p.R4859K, in 95% of MMD families, 73% of non-familial MMD cases and 1.4% of controls; this mutation greatly increases the risk of MMD (P=1.2 × 10(-43), odds ratio=190.8, 95% confidence interval=71.7-507.9). Three additional missense mutations were identified in the p.R4859K-negative patients. These results indicate that RNF213 is the first identified susceptibility gene for MMD. |








